高一历史必修二知识点总结中国近现代社会生活的变迁,很全很全,高中政治的第四门必修课是哲学生活，这是高中政治的主题。相对来说，它比较简单，需要记忆很多知识点。为了方便学生学习，以下是网站整理的高中政治必修的四个知识点的总结。
高一历史必修二知识点总结中国近现代社会生活的变迁,很全很全,< p >政治知识点归纳总结高考政治大题万能答题模板高考政治大题九大题型答题技巧汇总高考生必读:2023年20国集团(G20)峰会政治高考考点分析。
必修一知识点总结：物质
一、物质的分类
将一种(或多种)物质分散到另一种(或多种)物质中而得到的体系称为分散体系。要分散的物质称为分散剂(可以是气液固)，容纳分散剂的物质称为分散剂(可以是气液固)。三种溶液胶体混浊液分散体系的比较。
分散质粒子大小/nm外观特征能否通过滤纸有否丁达尔效应实例
溶液小于1均匀透明，能量稳定，无NaCl蔗糖溶液。
胶体均匀在1 ~ 100之间有些透明，比较稳定可有Fe(OH)3胶体。
浊度大于100的液体不均匀不透明不稳定不能没有浑水。
二、物质的化学变化
1、物质之间可以发生各种化学变化，化学变化可以按照一定的标准进行分类。。
(1)根据反应物和生成物的类别以及反应前后物质种类的多少可以分为。
A化合反应(A+ b = ab) b分解反应(ab =A+ b)。
C置换反应(a + bc = ac + b)。
D复分解反应(ab + cd = ad + cb)。
(2)根据反应中是否有离子参加可将反应分为。
a离子反应:有离子参加的一类反应.主要包括复分解反应和有离子参加的氧化还原反应。
B、分子反应(非离子反应)
(3)根据反应中是否有电子转移可将反应分为。
a氧化还原反应:反应中有电子转移(得失或偏移)的反应。
实质:存在电子转移(增益、损失或偏离)。
特点:反应前后元素的价态发生变化。
B、非氧化还原反应
2、离子反应
(1) 电解质:在水溶液中或熔化状态下能导电的化合物,叫电解质.酸 碱 盐都是电解质.在水溶液中或熔化状态下都不能导电的化合物,叫非电解质.。
注意：①电解质、非电解质都是化合物,不同之处是在水溶液中或融化状态下能否导电.②电解质的导电是有条件的：电解质必须在水溶液中或熔化状态下才能导电.③能导电的物质并不全部是电解质：如铜、铝、石墨等.④非金属氧化物(SO2、SO3、CO2)、大部分的有机物为非电解质.(2)、离子方程式：用实际参加反应的离子符号来表示反应的式子.它不仅表示一个具体的化学反应,而且表示同一类型的离子反应.
复分解反应这类离子反应发生的条件是：生成沉淀、气体或水.书写方法：
写：写出反应的化学方程式
拆卸:易溶于水和易电离成离子的物质的拆卸。
删除:从方程式两端去除不参与反应的离子。
查：查方程式两端原子个数和电荷数是否相等
(3)、离子共存问题
所谓离子在同一溶液中能大量共存,就是指离子之间不发生任何反应;若离子之间能发生反应,则不能大量共存.An ion that combines to form an insoluble substance cannot coexist in large quantities: Ba2 + and SO42-Ag) + and Cl-Ca2 + and CO32-Mg2 + and Oh, etc。
B、结合生成气体或易挥发性物质的离子不能大量共存：如H+和CO32-,HCO3-,SO32-,OH-和NH4+等
C结合生成难电离物质(水)的离子不能大量共存:如h +和- ch3coo啊，哦和hco3 -等。
d发生氧化还原反应水解反应的离子不能大量共存(待学)。
注:题干中的条件:如溶液无色应排除有色离子:Fe2+ Fe3+ Cu2+ MnO4-等离子体，酸性(或碱性)应考虑给离子基团，有大量H+(或OH-)。。(a)看反应是否符合事实:主要看反应能否进行或反应产物是否正确。
(2)看能不能写出离子方程:纯固体之间的反应不能写出离子方程。
(3)看化学语言是否正确:化学式、离子符号、析出气体符号、等号等书写是否符合事实。
(四)看离子的比例是否正确。
(5)看原子数的电荷数是否守恒。
（六）看与量有关的反应表达式是否正确(过量、适量)
3、氧化还原反应中概念及其相互关系如下：
失去电子——化合价升高——被氧化(发生氧化反应)——是还原剂(有还原性)
得到电子——化合价降低——被还原(发生还原反应)——是氧化剂(有氧化性)
必修二知识点总结：短语
1.cultural relics文化遗产
Many unearthed cultural relics were exhibited at the museum.
博物馆里陈列着许多出土文物。
By definition, the capital is the political and cultural center of a country。
2.rare and valuable珍贵稀有
It's hard to find that kind of talent these days。
The flaw in this vase makes it less valuable.这个花瓶因为有点缺陷，不那么值钱了。
3.in search of 寻找，寻求=in search for He's sailed the seven seas in search of adventure.他闯荡七大洋去历险.
He went to the south in search of a better future。
4.in the fancy style以别致的风格 in…style/in the style of……以……风格
These clothes are too loud for me, I prefer flat. These clothes are a little loud for me, I prefer something plain。
5.popular
She is popular at school.她在学校里很受人喜欢。
This dance is very popular with young people。
6.It's a treasure trove decorated with gold and jewels that took the country's best artists about 10 years to make。
它用金、银和珠宝装饰，一群全国最好的艺术家花了大约十年的时间才完成。
decorate with以...装饰
7.be designed for…为……而设计
by design 故意地
My brother wants to be an engineer。
This room was originally designed to be my study.这间屋子原预定做我的书房。
His parents wanted him to be a soldier, but he preferred the navy. They wanted him to be an army, but he preferred the navy。
8.belong to属于
We belong to the same generation.我们属于同代人。
9.in return作为回报/报答/交换
in turn依次地，轮流的;转而，反过来
10.He was surrounded by a group of friends。
11.become part of…变成……的一部分
It's part of how we behave. It's part of how we behave。
12.serve as作为，用作，充当，起作用
The room can serve as a study.这间房子可作书房用。
13.A small reception room for important guests。
14.Catherine II later moved the Amber Room to a palace outside St. Petersburg, where she spent her summers。
后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世将琥珀屋搬到了圣彼得堡郊外的夏宫。have sth done请/让别人做某事，使得，蒙受某种损失
We had the machine repaired.我们请人把机器修好了。
15.In 1770 the room was completed the way she
wanted.1770年，这间琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。( I was never allowed to do things the way/that/in which I wanted.我从来不允许按照自己的想法去做事情。)
16.Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it's gone. Sadly, although it was considered one of the wonders of the world, it's gone now。
I am considering going abroad.我正在考虑出国。
I think it's a great honor and I think it's a great honor。
We don't think the driver is to blame and we don't think it's the driver's fault。
We think it's true =(we think it's true) We think it's true。
a couple of words missing 缺的两三个字
There is a page missing.缺少一页。
Police are combing the woods for the missing
children.警察搜遍树林以寻找失踪的孩子.
17.be at war处于战争状态,交战
18.Remove some future and small art objects Remove some furniture and small pieces of art。
He removed the mud from his shoes.他去掉鞋上的泥。
This old table is a valuable piece of furniture。
19.in less than two days 在不到两天的时间里
20.There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on
Bound for No doubt, the boxes were later loaded onto the train of the bound train。
There is no doubt that she will keep her word.毫无疑问她会遵守诺言的.
There is no doubt that Taiwan belongs to China。
There is no doubt that she is equal to the job。
21.What happened to the Amber Room after that remains a mystery and where the Amber Room went after that。
it remains to be seen 尚待分晓
The fact remains to be proved.事实尚待证明
remain in呆在家里 remain out呆在外面,留在户外
These matters remain in doubt.这些事情仍然值得怀疑
He's determined to remain loyal to the team whatever comes his way.他决心不管发生什么事都忠于球队。
Peter became a judge, but John was still a fisherman。
22.By studying old photographs of the previous Amber Room, they made the new one look like the old Tong。
在研究了原来琥珀屋的照片后，他们建造的新琥珀屋看起来非常像旧琥珀屋。
23.One day, while looking in a second-hand furniture store, he saw something amazing among the furniture。
One day he was looking in a second-hand furniture store when he saw something amazing among the many different vases and pieces of jewelry。
24.without doubt无疑地，确实地
He is without doubt the cleverest student I've evertaught.他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的.
25.the UN peace-keeping force联合国维和部队
26.The old man saw some Germans tear down the amber room and take it in。
房子被拆走了。
Take toys apart and put them away Take them apart before putting them away。
27.At trial, the judge must decide which witnesses to believe and which not to believe. At trial, the judge must determine which witnesses to believe and which not to believe。
28.rather than胜于，而不是
It is Tom who is to blame, not Jack, but Tom who is to blame。
I would rather read than sit idle. I would rather read than sit idle。
Our aim is quality rather than quantity。
29.by the light of the moom借助于月光
30.for oneself亲自，独自地
A man should not live only for himself. A man should not live only for himself。
31.To my surprise, the entrance to the mine was closed。
32.I think very highly of the people who are looking for the Amber Room and I think the people who are looking for the amber Room are amazing。
33.I don't think they should give it to any government either and I don't think they will give it to any government。
34.do with 处理，忍受，对付
I can't do with his insolence.我忍受不了他那傲慢无礼的态度
What do they do with the coin?他们是怎样处理这枚硬币的?
35.take notes of记录，把……记下来
Please jot down the important things as you read。
36.Read the information provided for visitors Read the information provided for visitors。
They provide us with food.他们供给我们食物。
We feed the hungry kids. We feed the hungry kids。
It's wise to save some money and provide for the
Future" It is wise to save some money for future use。
He has a wife and seven children to support and he needs to support his wife and seven children。
37.This will not only give you a chance to practice your English, but also develop an interest in the local culture。
And history gives you the opportunity not only to practice your English but also to develop an interest in local history。
38.For fun for fun He plays the violin just for fun。
他拉小提琴只是为了自娱自乐。
高一物理必修一知识点总结：运动定律的应用(二)
1、动力学中有两类基本问题。
(1)已知物体的受力情况,确定物体的运动情况.基本解题思路是。
根据受力情况，利用牛顿第二定律求出物体的加速度。。
根据问题的含义，选取合适的运动学公式求解相关的速度位移。。
(2)已知物体的运动情况,推断或求出物体所受的未知力.基本解题思路是: 根据运动情况,利用运动学公式求出物体的加速度.。
根据牛顿第二定律来确定物体上的力，从而找到未知的力。。
(3)注意点：
利用牛顿定律解决这一问题的关键是要分析物体的受力和运动，并善于画出物体的受力图和运动示意图。不管是什么问题，重要的是要认识到力和运动之间的关系是通过加速度这一桥梁联系起来的关键。。
当物体在运动过程中受力发生变化时，有必要对其进行分段分析。每个部分根据其初始速度和外力决定其运动。当一个力发生变化时，它有时会影响其他力。例如，当弹性力发生变化时，滑动摩擦力也发生变化。。
2、关于超重和失重：
在平衡状态时，物体对水平支持物的压力大小等于物体的重力.当物体在竖直方向上有加速度时，物体对支持物的压力就不等于物体的重力.当物体的加速度方向向上时，物体对支持物的压力大于物体的重力，这种现象叫超重现象.当物体的加速度方向向下时，物体对支持物的压力小于物体的重力，这种现象叫失重现象.对其理解应注意以下三点：
(1)当物体处于超重和失重状态时,物体的重力并没有变化.。
(2)物体是否处于超重状态或失重状态,不在于物体向上运动还是向下运动,即不取决于速度方向,而是取决于加速度方向.。
(3)当物体处于完全失重状态(= g)时,平常一切由重力产生的物理现象都会完全消失,如单摆停摆天平失效浸在水中的物体不再受浮力液体柱不再产生向下的压强等。
易错现象：
(1)当外力发生变化时,若引起两物体间的弹力变化,则两物体间的滑动摩擦力一定发生变化,往往有些同学解题时仍误认为滑动摩擦力不变。
(2)些同学在解比较复杂的问题时不认真审清题意,不注意题目条件的变化,不能正确分析物理过程,导致解题错误。
(3)些同学对超重 失重的概念理解不清,误认为超重就是物体的重力增加啦,失重就是物体的重力减少啦。
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